Cryptography

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A public-key cryptosystem invented by Pascal Paillier in 1999.

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Why is asked that gcd(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1 in the Paillier encryption scheme?

I don't see this property $\gcd(p\,q,(p-1)(q-1))=1$ used in the scheme. And in Paillier's original paper, I don't find this requirement. Is it required just for the difficulty of factoring $n$? Or is ...
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Searching in Paillier Cryptosystem

I have implemented Paillier Cryptosystem. Lets say, I have an encrypted array E(x) = [2,4,5,10,0,20] and I want to find that if 0 exist in that array. Due to the limitations of Paillier cryptosystem I ...
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Short randomness in ElGamal and Paillier

In the Paillier cryptosystem the encryption of $m \in \mathbb{Z}_N$ with randomness $r \in \mathbb{Z}_n^*$ is $c = g^m r^n \bmod{n^2}$. My question is, what if short (E.g. 512bits) $r$ is used? ...
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Generation of the order $\lambda$ (which is lcm((p-1),(q-1))) element g in modified paillier, why $-a^{2n}$?

As the question states, in variants of paillier cryptosystem, such as CS01 and DT-PKC, when they want an element $g$ of order $\lambda$, they choose a random number $a$ from group $Z^*_{n^2}$ and ...
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Do we need to consider overflow in paillier encryption?

Homomorphic multiplication of plaintexts in Paillier cryptosystem can be constructed as follow: Dsk(E(x1)^x2 mod N^2) = x1x2 mod N. So after the decryption, we get the result of multiplication x1x2. ...
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$n=pq$ and $n=p^2q$. How to take the value of two $n$ is the same in security

For example, Paillier's RSA modulus is $n=pq$, but OU's RSA modulus is $p^2q$. I think when two $n$ are the same, the security of the two cryptographic schemes must be different. So for example, if I ...
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167 views

How to calculate the n in n-bit security of a crypto algorithm?

I think I'm likely missing the term because searching for this is coming up with not so precise results. I'm looking to calculate the n-bit security of say Paillier vs ElGamal vs EC ElGamal, when I ...
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52 views

Paillier versus Lifted ElGamal for homomorphic addition for e-voting

I'm looking to create an anonymous e-Voting system which will assign a certain number of bits to each candidate during a vote, e.g. 010000 for Alice, 000100 for Bob, and 000001 for Charlie. It works ...
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47 views

Encrypting full word using Paillier Scheme

I am using Paillier scheme to encrypt a message however, I have divided the words into alphabets and then convert each alphabet to ASCII code encrypting the final result. It works fine, but I want to ...
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32 views

How to know the exact result in Paillier chiper-costant multiplication

The encryption function $E_{k^+}: Z_n \rightarrow Z_{n^2}$. The decryption function $D_{k^-}: Z_{n^2} \rightarrow Z_n$. $m_1 = 42, k = 15, n=77$. After encryption, exponentiation and decryption, I get:...
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62 views

What is the difference between Paillier additive homomorphic property and addition of two paillier ciphers

Paillier has additive homomorphic property that states: if two ciphers c1 and c2, are multiplied, and the result is decrypted, it is equal to addition of the two plaintexts. D(c1*c2)= m1+m2 ...
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How to prove correct decryption in Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem

In How to prove correct decryption in Paillier cryptosystem, it was asked whether Alice (in sole possession of the secret key) can convince Bob that a given plaintext is the decryption of a ciphertext ...
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Optimisation of Pailler decryption

In this article applying Pailler encryption and decryption to image bitmaps, Table II is reported to give Execution Time (sec) of the Paillier encryption/decryption of image using different key sizes ...
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Paillier scheme : Encoding floats into integers impact on computations

In Privacy Preserving Processing Over Encrypted Images, I could understand that appropriate encoding of floats into integers (required in Paillier) only incur negligible error in computations. Any ...
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86 views

Is Paillier a stream or block encryption

Does Paillier follow a stream encryption or block encryption technique. If it’s a block encryption then what is the size of the block in bits or bytes.
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Efficiently prove the correctness of Paillier encryption in or "outside" a zk-SNARK

I'm working with a zk-SNARK library [1] that allows me to prove the correctness of arbitrary arithmetic circuits, and I now want to use these zk-SNARKs to prove that some Paillier [2] ciphertext $c$ ...
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64 views

Evaluate the time of Paillier decryption

If I have 4 kilobytes of Paillier encrypted data, how can I know the time needed to decrypt it?
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117 views

Security of Paillier against chosen ciphertext attack

Is there a proof by now that Paillier is secure against chosen-ciphertext attack? The original Paillier paper mentions that it is not.
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Prove the correctness of decryption process of Paillier cipher

The definition of Paillier cryptosystem is the same as the one on wikipedia. Now the random integer $g$ is chosen of the form $$g=(1+n)^{\alpha}\beta^{n}\bmod n$$, where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are in $\...
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72 views

can we know the sign of a ciphertext (homomorphic)

Is it possible to know the sign (positive or negative) of an homomorphic ciphertext particularly under paillier scheme ?
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Possibility of computing a and b values from the ciphertext?

Using paillier encryption, $N$ is the product of two large prime numbers, $s$ is sampled randomly from $Z_{N^2}$ we get $ C \leftarrow g^ms^N \bmod N^2 $ where $g=1+N$, By multiplying the cipher $c$ ...
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Elliptic curve subgroup with $p$ elements in field of characteristic $p$

Are there any elliptic curves defined over a finite field $\mathrm{GF}(p^k)$ with a subgroup of order $p$ where the discrete log (and preferably DDH) problem is hard? Elliptic curve with prime ...
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Identify the value of the plaintext from a noised expression

Having the following instructions: Using Paillier encryption to encrypt $m$. So, we get $Enc(m)$ Multiply $Enc(m)$ and $A$ to Get $C$. So, $C = Enc(m).A $ Decrypt $C$ using Paillier Decryption ...
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How to store the ciphertext generated by the paillier encryption in a pixel?

Goal: I want to implement a paillier algorithm to encrypt images and hide some data reversibly. This is the paper that proposed this algorithm: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/...
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143 views

Proof of lemma 1 Paillier encryption

In the original paper of Paillier, lemma 1 shows why $n$ must divide the order of $g$. What I don't understand in the proof of this lemma is why $g^{x_2-x_1}(y_2/y_1)^n$ implies $g^{\lambda(x_2-x_1)}$....
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Paillier scheme and noise growth

Does the problem of noise growth exist in the Paillier homomorphic scheme ?
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168 views

Do any probabilistic hashing algorithms have additive homomorphism?

What I am looking for is a function that meets the following criteria: For each possible input (assume integers from [0, 255]), there must be trillions of possible outputs so as to prevent preimage ...
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Homomorphic encrypted streams (Paillier)

Situation: Alice (violin) and Bob (drums) play music together and want to (real-time) stream the concert to Carol. In order for Carol to save bandwidth, the stream is sent through a server which ...
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120 views

random mask reversible after homomorphic encryption

I would like to know if this process is feasible under homomorphic encryption, ideally under paillier or any other additive scheme Apply a mask X to obfuscate a message A ie. Am = A (op) X where (op)...
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217 views

Advantages of Paillier vs Goldwasser-Micali

It is easy to see that both Paillier and Goldwasser-Micali are homomorphic addition schemes and are secure, but what would be the advantages of choosing one over the other?
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A modified question of Hazay & Lindell's Efficient Secure Two-Party protocols Book

Based on the question proposed on page 27, we propose a modified question as follows: Suppose the protocol is based on Paillier cryptosystem and $P_2$ has generated related public and private keys ($...
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110 views

Paillier's Cryptosystem - Homomorphism

I'm lacking quite some mathematical knowledge here, but could anyone please explain to me why the Paillier cryptosystem is still (additive/multiplicative) homomorphic despite introducing a random ...
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132 views

Paillier Private $\mu$ and $\lambda$

The Paillier CryptoSystem has a public key that $(g,n)$ and the private key which can be exclusive to $\lambda$, where the decryption scheme is: $m = L(c^\lambda \bmod n^2)/L(g^\lambda \bmod n^2) \...
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Paillier Complex Residuosity problem?

Paillier Cryptosystem depends on both the factorization where $n = p.q$ and the complex residuosity problem which is defined in the original paper as: The problem of deciding n-th residuosity, i.e. ...
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86 views

Is it possible to calculate the random factor $r$ from a encrypted message and the private key in a Paillier cryptosystem?

I have already done my research and found various sources that state that it is possible but there are also a lot of them that says it is not possible to recover $r$. This Q/A on this site for example ...
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Compute ln function of a Paillier encrypted value [closed]

If I have an encrypted value $Enc(x)$ with Paillier cryptosystem, is it feasible to compute an encryption form of $\ln(x)$ or its approximation using homomorphic properties? The input $x$ is always ...
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Deterministic procedure for mapping an arbitrary value into a 𝑝,𝑞 pair for public key cryptography

I want public key cryptosystem to used for re-encryption as describe in Can Paillier ,RSA or any other schemes be used for universal re-encryption like elGamal? Now i have little solution for ...
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182 views

Can Paillier ,RSA or any other schemes be used for universal re-encryption like elGamal?

ElGamal, RSA, and Paillier cryptosystem have homomorphic property, and can be used fro re-encryption purposes. I want to use the encryption to re-encrypt ciphertext(as in proxy re-encryption but ...
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Can Paillier Encryption has independent decryption key?

As Pailliear cryptosystem secret key $\lambda$, depends on primes $p$ and $q$. As $\lambda = \operatorname{lcm}(p-1,q-1)$. I want decryption key to independent from $p$ and $q$. It can be possible ...
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How Paillier cryptosystem can be used practically to encrypt and decrypt big messages "m"?

I want to use the Paillier cryptosystem for encryption and decryption purposes in my research work. But i haven't found a way to encrypt big input messages; As i want to encrypt the message i,e m : <...
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78 views

Is there any relationship between Paillier Cryptosystem's random r and other factors

I want to try run an example of Paillier cryptosystem(Algorithm), So i just started with some basic examples, but cannot obtain correct result/decryption. I just change random factor ...
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Comparison of values in Paillier homomorphic encryption

For a project, I am using homomorphic encryption with the Paillier cryptosystem, and I have to compare two values... Can this be done using homomorphic encryption? And I know subtraction can be done ...
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In which public key encryption algorithms are the private and public key not reversible?

The RSA public key encryption system has the characteristic that the public key and the private key can be reversed. That is, information encrypted with the public key can be decrypted with the ...
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148 views

Homomorphic/Paillier crypto system for use case?: overflow for multiple counter exponent possible? Different cipher factor needed all the time?

Recently I read about homomorphic cryptosystem. They might solve a problem. To do this there need to be some modifications from standard version. Using Paillier here but a solution for other also ...
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Zero-knowledge proof for Paillier parameters

For RSA one can give a non-interactive zero-knowledge proof that RSA with parameters $(e,N)$ form a permutation and a proof of knowledge of the associated RSA secret key. For example, such a proof can ...
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139 views

Order of g in Paillier Scheme

I'm trying to understand the Paillier Scheme but there's something I can't understand in the keyGen algorithm: Ensure $n$ divides the order of $g$ by checking the existence of the following ...
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165 views

homomorphic division with scaling/Paillier

Let's say that I have to use fractions instead of integers and I am using Paillier cryptosystem. So, I use scaling to obtain integers. Assume that I have a secure division protocol. What happens if ...
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Pseudorandomness based on homomorphic multiplication property of Paillier cryptosystem

Given the instance $(n, g, \lambda)$ of Paillier cryptosystem with $\text{ord}(g) = n \lambda$ (symbols have their usual meaning), and $c = g^{na}$, is it possible to distinguish (computationally) $c' ...
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413 views

How to calculate random factor in Paillier cryptosystem?

I am currently learning paillier cryptosystem,and have two questions about random r.I use the characteristics of homomorphic addition to obtain the product of two ciphertexts C and the corresponding ...
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227 views

Homomorphic properties of Paillier

I'm curious about the homomorphic properties of Paillier. So, basically if I have $\textsf{Dec}(\textsf{sk}, \textsf{Enc}(\textsf{pk}, \alpha) \cdot \textsf{Enc}(\textsf{pk}, \alpha^{-1}))$, I will ...

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