Cryptography

Questions tagged [pbkdf-2]

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The Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2) is a method of securely deriving encryption keys from a passphrase entered by a user. It features an iteration count that can be deliberately adjusted (key stretching) to slow down brute force password guessing attacks.

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To what degree does a high PKBDF-HMAC-SHA1 iteration count compensate for a weak passphrase entropy?

Lost a LUKS-encrypted laptop at the end of 2019 and now trying to figure out the odds of a very sophisticated attacker being able to break in. The LUKS container was created mid-2017 with LUKS1 ...
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How to reverse engineer Salt from password, iterations, and key?

Let's say that a random key is derived using the following function (PBKDF2). key = fn(password, salt, iterations) Q1: How can I reverse engineer the salt from the ...
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Do I need to sanitize user input to scrypt, or to PBKDF's in general?

I'd like to allow the user to supply a password as input to some PBKDF, which I will use to construct a key for file encryption (currently using aes-256-ctr. It may change as I learn more). I am ...
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Managing master keys used in PBKDF2 and HMAC (store, rotate)

My use case: I have few master keys, I use each for a specific operation (e.g. one for encrypting user's data and another for creating JWT signatures etc...). I use these master keys in two specific ...
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PBKDF2 with pepper [duplicate]

The main purpose of PBKDF2 is to generate a strong key from a weak password by using an input (the weak password) and a salt (which is stored in plaintext). Is it useful to use a pepper with PBKDF2 ? ...
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How secure is AES 256bitkey generated from PBKDF2

I am using CryptoJS AES 256 encryption: CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(realData, generateKey(passphrase), {iv: iv}); The secret is generated through: ...
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How to securly save ED25519 private key on hard drive

I am developing an application which stores user's private Identity key (ed 25519) on user's hard drive without any security. What are the best practices / standards to save private key on hard drive, ...
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PBKDF2 Rounds Implementation Question?

Currently I am working on a implementation of PBKDF2 for an embedded microcontroller. My question is that my psuedo-random function is fixed (SHA-512 HMAC) how do perform 'rounds' of encryption? I am ...
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Using pin code as a lockscreen for a mobile application

So I am developing an iOS & Android Application where a lock screen is used for authenticate a user. There are 4 options to unlock the screen: Password, biometric, pin code and nothing. I wanted ...
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E2E Encryption w/ PBKDF2 + AES-GCM

I'm currently developing a product that requires user data to be encrypted on the client side. The product is a web app + a browser extension, so the focus is encrypting user data with Javascript. The ...
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199 views

Best practise for encryption in a password manager

I'm trying to make a password manager for Windows installed computers, and after researching the best ways to encrypt the passwords in the database (I'm new to cryptography) I think I've come up with ...
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Static salt for PBKDF2, but unique salt for HKDF?

Hypothetical. Lets say you have an application where you generate a master key from a user password using PBKDF2 (static salt) and then use the master key to derive two passwords keys for an encrypt-...
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Is PBKDF2 with 1 iteration acceptable for a simple random key expansion?

I have a 128 bit randomly generated key. I need to expand this key to 512 bits to use with an existing encryption library that does AES-256 encryption in CBC mode with HMAC-SHA256 authentication. The ...
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PBKDF2-HMAC Collisions

Trying to understand the well known property of these collisions when used with SHA1, SHA256, etc. where a given key is larger than the block size of the digest function. In these cases the smaller of ...
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Random salt and PBKDF2 key

Suppose I wrote a function $$(salt,IV ) = \text{keyIVGenerator}(passwd)$$ which generates a random salt of size 32-bytes and a random Initialisation Vector (IV) of size 16-bytes. Then, use a Key ...
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Why does PBKDF2 use HMAC?

When I learn PBKDF2, I found out most of the articles say that the PBKDF2 use HMAC as PRF. Why is HMAC? Can I use other pseudorandom functions? Is HMAC safer than any other functions for PBKDF2?
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Issue with decrypting self-coded AES

Summary: As a trainee, I got the task to extract encrypted passwords of our external password manager (Zoho Vault) and decrypt them. The documentation regarding how to decrpyt them is...none. I ask ...
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Client-Side Encryption for a small app

I'm designing a small personal journal web application for my wife. I'm a crypto newb, but I want her to feel secure knowing only she will have access to her journal entries. I am thinking of the ...
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Generate AES key from weak string

I'm trying to generate AES256 key from user input password. The size of the password can be anything from 4 bytes long to 32 bytes long but let's assume it is the smaller one. My API support either : ...
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1answer
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What are the randomness requirements for inputs to PBKDF2?

I need to generate one 160-bit HMAC-SHA1 key for each user in my system. Can I use the username as the input to PBKDF2 function to generate the key? Is it safe to use known values like username as ...
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Content Key Encryption for Multi-User data access

I recently worked out a concept for a use-case, but I'm not sure if my approach is good enough. So I would appreciate feedback and things to look out for, as I'm fairly new to this field. A User can ...
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Are there issues in how cryptography is used in this short code sample?

I want to encrypt some small text files so I can put them online, in non-restricted access (not the best idea, but it's cheap and simple). I know I should use something like Truecrypt instead of this, ...
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AES implementation for non-password multi-document decryption usecase

I am trying to encrypt/decrypt multiple user documents (consider text) in an application. Unlike the use case of passwords where decryption happens once during an API call, in this application during ...
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Is it necessary to stretch/derive an AES key when I already have enough bytes from a 'cryptographically secure RNG'?

I'm using AES-CBC-256 with PKCS#7 compatible padding. I already have 32 bytes that come from a 'cryptographically secure random number generator'. In this scenario, does it make sense to use PBKDF2 to ...
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Meaning of the term "Key Material"

I am reading specifications from my client that focuses on the topic of security. In these specs, the term key material has appeared many times. I used Google to look for what the term means. ...
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KDF and salt storage

Regardless of the KDF I will use, let's imagine that I have to generate two keys: one for authentication and the other for encryption (which will always remain on the device that generates it until ...
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Are there cryptographical flaws in this e2ee website chat widget?

For a product I'm developing I want to verify if the thinking behind it is cryptographically strong and secure. The product is a chat widget on websites of customers. Like an e2ee version of Intercom. ...
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195 views

Security of using constant salt when saving encrypted data to database

Let's say that I want to save some encrypted data to a database through a Spring Boot microservice. For that I will be using Spring Security Crypto that, as the documentation says it uses AES256 with ...
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Safest alternative for hashing credit card numbers to use the hash as fingerprint?

Same question asked here in 2014 but since a lot has changed since then, I would like to get feedback from experts on the latest best practices. The problem Our requirement is to provide the ...
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Line by line encrypted logging stored with iv/salt/iterations. How safe is it?

I'm building an encrypted logging application. Log entries are encrypted with AES-256-GCM, using password-derived keys with PBKDF2. The application must support log rotation, and I would like to make ...
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1answer
593 views

AES PKCS5 Padding when it's not needed

I'm using AES/ECB with PKCS5 Padding (From what I've read, PKCS7 Padding is actually used internally) and PBKDF2(HMAC-SHA256) to encrypt some passwords in Java. I enter a password, that goes through ...
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is PBKDF2 reversible?

Given an AES key that is wrapped using another AES key, the second one being generated using PBKDF2, and given that I know the wrapped key: can I derive the passphrase that went into the PBKDF2? (...
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can I use PBKDF2 instead of hmac as a hashing tool for sensitive data

I have read about hmac and PBKDF2. PBKDF2 - is mainly used for password hashing. It uses ...
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730 views

Argon2 or scrypt instead of PBKDF2 with AES

Is using scrypt or argon2 a better key stretching technique with AES compared to PBKDF2 or bcrypt with regards to a quantum computer brute force attack. The brute force attack I'm referring to is ...
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What's the use of HMAC in PBKDF2? [duplicate]

As far as I know, PBKDF2 uses an underlying pseudorandom function in order to generate a hash (like SHA256) so as far I understood PBKDF2 is basically a hash function that uses an underlying function ...
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814 views

Why use PBKDF2 over SHA-512 to derive AES encryption key? [duplicate]

Suppose I am using user passwords to derive AES-128-CBC encryption key. This key will be used to encrypt some sensitive data for the user so that even the website owner / operator can not decrypt it. ...
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PBKDF2 with SHA-256/512 for low entropy input?

Is there any reason to use something stronger than SHA-1 with PBKDF2 if my input is fairly low entropy? I.e. if the passwords being hashed are only about 30-bits of entropy. I can't find it now, ...
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Why does LastPass use exactly 100100 PBKDF2 rounds

LastPass encryption scheme is recently changed to use more PBKDF2 rounds, specifically 100100. This seems like a really weird number choose. From what I understand brute force time scales linearly ...
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What is the purpose of salting when integrating PBKDF2 with AES?

I'm a bit new to cryptography and I'm trying to wrap my head around PBKDF2 and AES. As a disclaimer, this is not going to be used in an actual application, I'm just testing things locally as a fun ...
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2answers
951 views

using different IV and SALT with AES-CBC but same KEY

I'm working on this project where a client can send a message, now obviously sending it in plainText is not very smart. So I decided to Encrypt it with AES-CBC. Now, each time I encrypt something, the ...
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1answer
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What value for a Rfc2898 (PKBDF2) is overkill?

I am working on a project which needs to share messages, and part of that project is deriving a password, I am currently using a value of 65537, totally arbitrary (...
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Why cryptsetup default KDF is PBKDF2 and not Argon2(id)?

I plan to do a clean install of ArchLinux with Full Disk Encryption (with LUKS) but I'm not sure to understand the default KDF choice (PBKDF2+SHA-256). I didn't manage to find any pieces of evidence ...
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Is there any difference in security between S2K and PBKDF2?

S2K is a KDF designed for the OpenPGP standard which concatenates a password and salt and feeds this, repeating, into a hash function for a configurable number of bytes. PBKDF2 is a KDF which uses a ...
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Should we run PBKDF2 for every plaintext to be protected or should we run PBKDF2 only once?

I am going to store secrets from users. The secrets need to be stored confidentially. For this question, I am concerned only with confidentiality (not integrity). Here is how my encryption scheme is: ...
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4answers
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How is PBKDF2 so much better than normal Hashing or even using HMAC

I do not know how the Key Length extension attack works. So if we leave that aside for once, and say just about usual brute-force attack on the hash, I don't really know how is PBKDF2 so much better ...
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What is used as a KEY and MESSAGE when using HMAC within a PBKDF2? [duplicate]

I was studying WPA2 and it's security when I came across this problem. I know that WPA2 uses PBKDF2 to generate a Pairwise Master Key. It does something like this; ...
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282 views

Can you derive a 128 bit AES encryption key using PBKDF2 with SHA-256

I got confused about key derivation functions. For my project, I need to derive a 128 bits AES encryption key in CTR mode. To do so, I'm using a PBKDF2 to derive this encryption key using an initial ...
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3answers
180 views

"Work factor" and "iteration count" nomenclature in adaptive functions

In adaptive functions like PBKDF2 / bcrypt I often read people refer to "iteration count" and others refer to "work factor", and they seem to be used interchangeably (even though they're not - the ...
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How to validate a PBKDF2 password

I want to encrypt several files correctly with a PBKDF2 generated key (using a password and salt), I am currently doing so but if I enter the wrong password, as expected an exception occurs. Note: ...
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One way hash of data records (PBKDF2?)

I'm looking for a way of one way hash data for multiple records. We have a privacy requirement to anonymise information "after it's used for its intended purpose" which is a little wooly at best. I'd ...

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