Questions tagged [symmetric]
Symmetric cryptosystems assume two communicating entities share a pre-established secret key.
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Does encrypting the key with itself make it easier to crack the ciphertext? [duplicate]
As the title states; Is there any risk from encrypting the key with itself? EG. $C = AES(K=K, M=K)$
I'd assume not; after all, how does having the key for a safe inside the safe make it easier to ...
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Why isn't there a final permutation on SPN-based ciphers?
I am doing some research on differential cryptanalysis. Most people who are familiar with that cryptanalysis technique do know the tutorial from Heys (Heys Tutorial). I came currently to the question, ...
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Symmetric key crypto secure communication infrastructure
Imagine that public-key crypto stops working.
Are there any academic proposals out there that would explain how we could implement commercially viable secure communication based on the current ...
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2answers
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How does a key actually work in symmetric ciphers
My sky-high level understanding of modern cryptography is as follows: There is an algorithm and a key. The key or key pair is a randomly generated number (I think). The algorithm describes ...
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Security reason for introduction of PCI Key Blocks
MAC and encryption keys used in financial transactions have always been stored encrypted as cryptograms (of same length) on ostensibly unassailable hardware devices using 3DES. Now the requirement is ...
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1answer
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Two possible plaintext's using OTP decryption
I am using this cipher-text
c = 04 10 12 00 01 08 67 0A 19 65 0F 03 0A 00
with two possible keys
...
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4answers
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Why use symmetric encryption with Public Key?
A. From what I heard (and I am beginner at a security/cryptography), if you have a payload that is very large, asymmetric is a no-go.
B. Also, if you do have secret symmetric (e.g. AES) keys, you ...
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1answer
37 views
Commitment based on authencticated encryption
Let $(E,D)$ be the encryption/decryption of an authenticated encryption scheme. Consider the following commitment scheme.
Generate a random key $k$. Commit to $m$ by sending $c=E_k(m)$.
Reveal $m$ by ...
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1answer
32 views
Is it possible to execute elliptic curve encryption on small sensor-tags CC2650?
I am working on a project wherein ECC needs to be implemented on small devices, namely, CC2650 sensor-tags for authentication. The ECC implementation should be on Contiki OS. I have read some articles ...
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61 views
Encrypting multiple small messages with a single reused symmetric key
What is a good way of doing this? Practical and Secure.
This is for a browser environment.
For example, let's say there are a few 100 independent messages of about 100 characters each that you want ...
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Lightweight provably secure design [closed]
Is it possible to device lightweight (i.e. without asymmetric crypto and PKI; and without third party Trent) provably secure (in the exact security sense) scheme? Were there any attempts? Is it ...
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1answer
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Security of key bits under indistinguishability for randomized encryption
My question is about symmetric randomized encryption. Let c=E(k,m,r) be a randomized block encryption function where r denotes a random input chosen for each message block m. k and c denote the ...
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How is Shamir's Secret Sharing better than this simple 2-password technique?
I'm looking for a solution to protect a message, such that both password1 (usually given to trusted person #1) and password2 (...
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1answer
191 views
Are there any other highly trusted and secure symmetric encryption algorithms besides AES?
AES is the gold standard for symmetric encryption. It is highly trusted and highly secure. Do any other symmetric ciphers - besides OTP - come close to AES's usability, security, trust-ability?
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Is it possible to narrow down the possible keys used for AES CBC encryption, knowing a given plaintext and its ciphertext, where IV=0? [duplicate]
I'm brute forcing a ciphertext with a given dictionary to figure out which key was used. However, it's been hinted at that there is a way to narrow down the dictionary to a smaller subset of ...
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4answers
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Why do one-time pads not provide message authentication?
It is often said that one-time pads do not provide message authentication. But, if you and I have a one-time symmetric key, and I send you a message, and it is not complete gibberish, is that itself ...
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Is it possible to identify a Serpent encryption key in memory?
It has been shown that AES keys that are in use can be identified in memory. This identification relies on discovering expected round keys in memory that are contained within the key schedule.
My ...
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Extracting RC4 and 3DES keys from system memory
I have read papers [1], [2] that have presented techniques on extracting symmetric encryption keys from memory during the process of encryption. There are tools [3] that can extract AES keys from ...
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1answer
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Key derivation for AES-GCM using HKDF?
I have a system comprising N >1000 nodes. At each node I would like to use HKDF to derive a unique 256-bit key, Kn (for the nth node), from a pre-shared master key, K0, and a locally-generated random ...
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1answer
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How does gpg know what cipher algorithm is needed for decryption?
I am using gpg to make encrypt a tar.gz.
My first try uses --verbose --symmetric and then the decryption is done with ...
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statistical distance in symmetric-key encryption
Prove that for any symmetric-key encrytion scheme $\Pi=(Gen, Enc, Dec)$ with message space $M$ and key space $K$, there exist $m_0, m_1 \in M$ such that $\Delta(Enc(K, m_0), Enc(K, m_1))\ge 1-\frac{|K|...
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1answer
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Why algorithmic symmetry is important in hardware implementation?
In AES, the encryption and decryption functions ordered in a symmetric way, I mean the same order of functions are used inside the round structure of both encryption and decryption (subbytes, ...
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1answer
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Can I change the S-box and P-box in DES?
I am a newbie to crypto and just one quick question on the s-box and p-box of DES. I understood that the s-box is where the security comes from and NSA has somehow decided how it should be filled in.
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2answers
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Can frequency attack be successful on Vigenère cipher?
Here is my question when learning Vigenère cipher, can we perform frequency analysis attack toward this cipher?
My first impression is no, because each column of its matrix has exactly 26 English ...
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Are slide attacks effective if the primitive is sandwiched? And key schedule vs. Even-Mansour
Suppose you have a cryptographic permutation consisting of identical rounds, that makes it vulnerable to a slide attack. But if you sandwich it between two XORs of key material. Is it still vulnerable?...
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What is the intuition behind the strength of unstructured symmetric cryptography?
Consider a single round of a cryptographic permutation, what is so special about it that lacking some bits of information that either get mixed into it as a subkey or omitted at the end (sponge ...
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1answer
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Is a symmetric encryption key derivable using the input and the output?
I am looking for a python library for encrypting a string with a single key. I do not want the key to derivable by knowing the input and the output. I have came to ...
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How do I calculate key rotation schedules?
tl;dr: How do I formulaically determine key rotation schedules for different kinds of keys and use cases?
The organization I'm a part of for utilizes both symmetric and public/private key encryption ...
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1answer
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Are there any symmetric Partial Homomorphic Encryption Schemes?
Note that I am asking specifically for Partial Homomorphic Encryption (PHE) schemes and not Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption (SHE) schemes. I believe there are several SHE schemes that are symmetric ...
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1answer
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How strong is XooDoo vs AES?
What is Gimli, and how does XooDoo compare to symmetric ciphers such as AES or ChaCha?
I am looking at this library, called charm.
Interesting paper here.
I also ...
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Is it possible to enhance white-box cryptography security by homomorphic encryption?
Background:
Let's discussed based on published symmetric white-box crypto only, such as Chow's white-box AES.
I only know basic concepts/objectives of homomorphic encryption, such as PHE and FHE. ...
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When encrypting twice with two separate keys, can a single key decrypt both steps?
Is it possible that if a plaintext is encrypted first with a key, $n_1$, and then this ciphertext is again encrypted using the same algorithm but a different key, $n_2$ that the resulting ciphertext ...
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2answers
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Very short block ciphers for equally-short plaintexts
I'm trying to develop an encryption technique for encrypting short phrases (such as reversibly-anonymized names) in text. The key-generation and ciphertext-representation details are fungible, but ...
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Authenticating without sending password to the server, and store data encrypted with password derived key on server
I am trying to think of a scheme that would allow a user to authenticate to a server, whithout sending the password to the server, and to also derive a symetric key on the client (that also never gets ...
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1answer
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Are “non-mathematical” encryption algorithms comparably secure against brute force key recovery?
I recently learned about a desktop encryption application called ALKEMI, which does not use mathematical encryption according to the website, which I understand to be a misnomer, at best:
The ...
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1answer
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Does anyone sell a proprietary symmetric encryption alogirthm?
I know that the majority of people use standardized encryption ciphers such as AES-256, and for good reason. But what I want to know is if anyone has come across a company or organization that is ...
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Single Ciphertext which can decrypt with multiple keys
Say we have a public key system where we have 2 users, Alice, and Bob each has a public and private key. We also have a publicly available server which stores a message.
I want to encrypt this ...
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Term for non-ARX symmetric-key cryptographic primitive design strategy
What's the term for describing designing symmetric-key cryptography primitive out of bitwise operations and shifts and rotations?
The closest thing I've found is this Keccek team's page calling it ...
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1answer
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Reversible Decryption in Symmetric Key Algorithms
I am currently learning the Internal Working of Symmetric Key Algorithms, like DES, AES, BlowFish, IDEA just to name a few.
These are all quite complex Encryption alogrithms, which requires a lot of ...
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2answers
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Is lattice-based cryptography relevant in symmetric cryptography?
I've seen that lattice-based cryptography works well with public key cryptography as well as cryptographic hashing algorithms, but does it apply to symmetric key cryptography?
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how are variable key sizes produced?
I am current learning the internal working of several Symmetric key Cryptographic algorithms, and came across DES and AES.
DES takes in input a 64 bit key and AES-128 takes in input a 128 bit key
...
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AES encryption question
If we consider the generation of keys as
$$\begin{aligned}
K_0 &= E_K(IV); \\
K_{i+1} &= E_{K_i}(A)
\end{aligned}$$
Where A is a block of zeroes, and the ciphertext blocks are computed as
...
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1answer
248 views
In GnuPG, what's the difference between --s2k-cipher-algo and --cipher-algo? [duplicate]
I want to change some encryption options while using GnuPG to encrypt a file symmetrically.
1) However, for choosing the cipher algorithm, GnuPG has two commands and I don't know which one to use.
...
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1answer
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Best practices when encrypting a file with three different ciphers [closed]
I have some files that contain important information, so I want to encrypt them by the most secure encryption method possible.
I've read countless StackExchange answers on similar questions and some ...
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Does ChaCha20/Salsa have the same Bit Strength as AES for identical key sizes?
i.e. does ChaCha20 with a 128bit key, require 2^128 attempts to brute force, as with AES-128, theoretically?
Ps. notwithstanding that ChaCha is a stream cipher.
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Symmetric property of DDT of inverse function
Given a bijective function $F: \mathbb{F}_2^n \rightarrow \mathbb{F}_2^n$.
The entry of the Difference Distribution Table (DDT) at row $\alpha$ and column $\beta$ is defined as
$$DDT_{F}(\alpha,\...
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2answers
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Symmetric Encryption in the P=NP world [duplicate]
I expected to find answers along the lines of quantum-computing insight into attacking AES; however, answers on this question aren't applicable because "Quantum computers give a quadratic speedup on a ...
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2answers
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Is there a maximum amount of data which can be encrypted using a symmetric (AES256) key?
I am working on an application where we will be encrypting billions of small (< 2,000 bytes) records. Combined, we are facing many TB of data. Each record will be encrypted independently, using a ...
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3answers
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Are there any symmetric cryptosystems based on computational complexity assumptions?
Are there any symmetric cryptosystems which are provably secure in the sense that there exists a reduction from their security to the hardness of some underlying hard problem such as integer ...
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1answer
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Key rotation (or other measures) for PASETO v2 “local”
I was looking at using PASETO's v2 "local" encryption (XChaCha20-Poly1305) to implement short-lived tokens to share claims between microservices via an untrusted client. PASETO's documentation is ...
