# All Questions

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### Who first published the interest of more than two prime factors in RSA?

Multi-prime RSA is now a well known technique (described here): it uses $k>2$ distinct secret prime factors in the public RSA modulus, with the advantage that, using the CRT, we can gain a speed ...
2answers
1k views

### Hardness of finding mutual discrete logarithms of small generators in $\mathbb{Z}_p$

Suppose you want to select a prime $p$ such that finding e.g. $\log_2(3)$ in $\mathbb{Z}_p$ is expected to be either at least as hard as the general Discrete Logarithm Problem in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, or at ...
0answers
723 views

### Memory-hard password hash in practice?

Dan Boneh, Henry Corrigan-Gibbs, and Stuart Schechter have proposed Balloon Hashing: A Memory-Hard Function Providing Provable Protection Against Sequential Attacks (in proceedings of AsiaCrypt 2016). ...
0answers
660 views

### Crypto AG (Switzerland) - Which algorithms were used and how did the backdoors work?

Backstory Crypto AG was a company located in Switzerland that specialized in communication security. They produced a number of encryption machines (some similar to the infamous Enigma) used for ...
0answers
299 views

### Adding bit constants to the key schedule to reduce rounds?

Bit constants are often added to the key schedule to reduce slide attacks. I have reviewed David Wagner's work, where he showed that the increased rounds in a Feistel network do not help if you have ...
0answers
254 views

### Fewest qubits required for the discrete logarithm problem and integer factorization

According to a paper from 2002, the most efficient circuit to factor an $n$-bit integer requires $2n+3$ qubits and $O(n^{3}\lg(n))$ elementary quantum gates, assuming ideal qubits. Later on, according ...
0answers
307 views

### Finding $x$ such that $g^x\bmod p<p/k$?

In a Schnorr group as used for DSA, of prime modulus $p$, prime order $q$, generator $g$ (with $p/g$ small), how can we efficiently exhibit an $x$ with $0<x<q$ such that $g^x\bmod p<p/k$, for ...
0answers
257 views

### Name of an archaic type of RSA padding (0BBBBBBB…)

In some legacy code, I encountered RSA signature padding in the following format (hexadecimal): 0B BB BB BB BB BB BB ... BB BB <hash> Is there a name for ...
0answers
159 views

### The aftermath and considerations of the new record of 30750-Bit Binary Field Discrete Logarithm - 2020

Granger et al. recently published a paper about breaking a record for discrete logarithm on the Binary field Computation of a 30 750-Bit Binary Field Discrete Logarithm, Robert Granger and Thorsten ...
0answers
713 views

### Given a 'good' basis for a lattice, how can we solve the CVP?

I'm doing a little bit of reading about lattices. I read that if we can find a 'short' basis for our given lattice, we can solve CVP and SVP very efficiently. However, the paper didn't describe an ...
0answers
174 views

### Space complexity of quantum collision search?

Is there a known way to reduce the space complexity of quantum collision search (PDF) beyond what is offered by the built-in time-space tradeoff, while keeping the time complexity significantly below ...
0answers
194 views

### RSA key such that pi deciphers to your name per RSA-OAEP

Can you efficiently construct an RSA public/private key pair with $8k$-bit public modulus such that $C=\left\lfloor\pi\,2^{8k-2}\right\rfloor$ deciphers per RSA-OAEP to your name as a bytestring in ...
0answers
399 views

### How Significant is the New Quasi-Polynomial-Time Attack on Fixed Characteristic Discrete Logarithms?

There is a new paper by Kleinjung and Wesolowski on eprint that claims and proves a new attack on the discrete logarithm problem in finite fixed characteristic fields in quasi-polynomial time. ...
0answers
465 views

### Potential Flaws With Lattice Based Cryptography?

From researching post-quantum cryptographic schemes it seems hash-based and lattice-based algorithms are the most promising (MQ-based seem to be covered by patents and have more potential unknowns ...
0answers
919 views

### Yaos Millionaire Problem: Why distance >= 2?

I'm currently reading about Yao' Millionaire Problem: http://research.cs.wisc.edu/areas/sec/yao1982-ocr.pdf Alice and Bob want to know which of them is richer. Let $j \in \{1, \cdots 10\}$ be Bobs ...
0answers
493 views

### Efficient decoding of irreducible binary Goppa codes and the role of matrix P in McEliece cryptosystem

If we assume that the support for an irreducible binary Goppa code $\gamma_1, ..., \gamma_n$ is publicly known, when is it possible to efficiently decode the code? I know it's possible if one knows ...
0answers
234 views

### Do trinomials weaken the Alternating Step Generator?

The Alternating Step Generator was proposed by Christoph G. Günther: Alternating step generators controlled by de Bruijn sequences, in proceedings of Eurocrypt 1987. It's perhaps the conceptually ...
0answers
301 views

### What was the BassOmatic cipher, and what made it so weak?

According to Wikipedia, this homebrew cipher was originally used in PGP, before Phil Zimmermann replaced it with IDEA. Supposedly, insecurities in the algorithm were pointed out to him, leading to ...
0answers
76 views

### Decision R-LWE parameters for spherical error with worst-case hardness

In Peikert et al.'s most recent work (STOC 2017) a direct reduction of worst-case lattice problems to decision R-LWE is achieved for $\alpha q \ge 2 \cdot \omega(1)$ (Theorem 6.2), where $\alpha q$ is ...
0answers
172 views

### How exactly does ASKE (Alpha Secure Key Establishment) in Zigbee work?

I am working on Zigbee security. For key establishment, some approaches are given in Zigbee. Some of them are: ASKE (Alpha Secure Key Establishment), ASAC (Alpha Secure Access Control), and SKKE (...
0answers
327 views

0answers
168 views

### Are there two known ASCII-only strings which have the same MD5 hash value?

Up to now, the pairs of strings that create an MD5 collision that have been discovered all contain non-ASCII (binary) characters. Are there two known ASCII-only strings which have the same MD5 hash ...
0answers
232 views

### Why is BLAKE2 faster than chacha20?

Chacha20 is essentially a hash function that maps 512-bit strings to other 512-bit strings which are in turn xored with the plaintext to create the ciphertext. Of the 512-bit input 128-bit are used ...
0answers
193 views

### What is the origin of the phrase “Don't roll your own crypto”?

The phrase is well-known and widely used, it is often attributed to Bruce Schneier and is indeed relevant to his Schneier's Law. However, I wasn't able to find this specific wording among Schneier's ...
0answers
831 views

### Why does the Signal protocol use AES/CBC instead of AES/GCM?

AES/GCM has obviously proved itself to be better than AES/CBC. Unless the key is re-used with the same initialization vector (see disadvantages of GCM). More information of its advantages against CBC ...
0answers
166 views

### GCM with reversed poly

These slides talk about how GCM can be sped up if one uses $x^{128}+x^{127}+x^{126}+x^{121}+1$ as the reduction polynomial instead of $x^{128}+x^7+x^2+x^1+1$. When one is doing that one needs to ...

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