All Questions

4,134 questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
Filter by
Sorted by
Tagged with
2k views

Who first published the interest of more than two prime factors in RSA?

Multi-prime RSA is now a well known technique (described here): it uses $k>2$ distinct secret prime factors in the public RSA modulus, with the advantage that, using the CRT, we can gain a speed ...
• 125k
2k views

Hardness of finding mutual discrete logarithms of small generators in $\mathbb{Z}_p$

Suppose you want to select a prime $p$ such that finding e.g. $\log_2(3)$ in $\mathbb{Z}_p$ is expected to be either at least as hard as the general Discrete Logarithm Problem in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, or at ...
• 10.2k
400 views

Adding bit constants to the key schedule to reduce rounds?

Bit constants are often added to the key schedule to reduce slide attacks. I have reviewed David Wagner's work, where he showed that the increased rounds in a Feistel network do not help if you have ...
• 4,244
339 views

The aftermath and considerations of the new record of 30750-Bit Binary Field Discrete Logarithm - 2020

Granger et al. recently published a paper about breaking a record for discrete logarithm on the Binary field Computation of a 30 750-Bit Binary Field Discrete Logarithm, Robert Granger and Thorsten ...
• 43.5k
354 views

Fewest qubits required for the discrete logarithm problem and integer factorization

According to a paper from 2002, the most efficient circuit to factor an $n$-bit integer requires $2n+3$ qubits and $O(n^{3}\lg(n))$ elementary quantum gates, assuming ideal qubits. Later on, according ...
• 13.6k
368 views

Finding $x$ such that $g^x\bmod p<p/k$?

In a Schnorr group as used for DSA, of prime modulus $p$, prime order $q$, generator $g$ (with $p/g$ small), how can we efficiently exhibit an $x$ with $0<x<q$ such that $g^x\bmod p<p/k$, for ...
• 125k
322 views

Name of an archaic type of RSA padding (0BBBBBBB...)

In some legacy code, I encountered RSA signature padding in the following format (hexadecimal): 0B BB BB BB BB BB BB ... BB BB <hash> Is there a name for ...
• 2,216
2k views

Has Telegram security been significantly improved with MTProto 2.0?

Telegram messenger's original encryption scheme, MTProto 1.0, has been shunned by most cryptographers for a number of reasons, like being vulnerable to IND-CCA attack; being unorthodox in general, ...
• 141
915 views

Given a 'good' basis for a lattice, how can we solve the CVP?

I'm doing a little bit of reading about lattices. I read that if we can find a 'short' basis for our given lattice, we can solve CVP and SVP very efficiently. However, the paper didn't describe an ...
• 4,546
211 views

Space complexity of quantum collision search?

Is there a known way to reduce the space complexity of quantum collision search (PDF) beyond what is offered by the built-in time-space tradeoff, while keeping the time complexity significantly below ...
520 views

The backdoor of Telegram on Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange and possibly other examples?

Diffie-Hellman Key-Exchange (DHKE) should be used carefully during the end-to-end encryption. A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack is possible. Standard DHKE The simple protocol on the multiplicative ...
• 43.5k
262 views

RSA key such that pi deciphers to your name per RSA-OAEP

Can you efficiently construct an RSA public/private key pair with $8k$-bit public modulus such that $C=\left\lfloor\pi\,2^{8k-2}\right\rfloor$ deciphers per RSA-OAEP to your name as a bytestring in ...
• 125k
464 views

How Significant is the New Quasi-Polynomial-Time Attack on Fixed Characteristic Discrete Logarithms?

There is a new paper by Kleinjung and Wesolowski on eprint that claims and proves a new attack on the discrete logarithm problem in finite fixed characteristic fields in quasi-polynomial time. ...
• 44.7k
1k views

Yaos Millionaire Problem: Why distance >= 2?

I'm currently reading about Yao' Millionaire Problem: http://research.cs.wisc.edu/areas/sec/yao1982-ocr.pdf Alice and Bob want to know which of them is richer. Let $j \in \{1, \cdots 10\}$ be Bobs ...
• 121
605 views

Efficient decoding of irreducible binary Goppa codes and the role of matrix P in McEliece cryptosystem

If we assume that the support for an irreducible binary Goppa code $\gamma_1, ..., \gamma_n$ is publicly known, when is it possible to efficiently decode the code? I know it's possible if one knows ...
• 121
483 views

Requirements for security against multi-target attacks, for McEliece and other code-based cryptosystems?

This question is potentially relevant to NIST post-quantum cryptography standards, involving code-based cryptosystems such as McEliece, BIKE and HQC. For these cryptosystems, it seems that an attacker ...
• 331
763 views

RSA factorization with special primes

Suppose that primes for RSA modulus are generated using formula: $P_i(x,y) = \operatorname{next\_prime}(x^{z_i}+y^{z_i}) = x^{z_i}+y^{z_i}+d_i$ where $x,y$ are unknown random numbers with size 128 ...
577 views

Potential Flaws With Lattice Based Cryptography?

From researching post-quantum cryptographic schemes it seems hash-based and lattice-based algorithms are the most promising (MQ-based seem to be covered by patents and have more potential unknowns ...
• 531
144 views

Do CCM and EAX provide key commitment?

In an interesting paper called "Partitioning Oracle Attacks" by Julia Len, Paul Grubbs & Thomas Ristenpart an attack is presented on 1.5 pass AEAD schemes that utilize GMAC (GCM, AES-GCM,...
• 85.9k
2k views

Why does the Signal protocol use AES/CBC instead of AES/GCM?

AES/GCM has obviously proved itself to be better than AES/CBC. Unless the key is re-used with the same initialization vector (see disadvantages of GCM). More information on its advantages against CBC ...
287 views

Do trinomials weaken the Alternating Step Generator?

The Alternating Step Generator was proposed by Christoph G. Günther: Alternating step generators controlled by de Bruijn sequences, in proceedings of Eurocrypt 1987. It's perhaps the conceptually ...
• 125k
213 views

How to build a security model

What are the minimal components to build a security model proof for a protocol? This question might seem trivial, but having read many papers-- from the IEEE, ACM, etc., that talk about a KMP-- I ...
• 361
94 views

Decision R-LWE parameters for spherical error with worst-case hardness

In Peikert et al.'s most recent work (STOC 2017) a direct reduction of worst-case lattice problems to decision R-LWE is achieved for $\alpha q \ge 2 \cdot \omega(1)$ (Theorem 6.2), where $\alpha q$ is ...
• 101
196 views

How exactly does ASKE (Alpha Secure Key Establishment) in Zigbee work?

I am working on Zigbee security. For key establishment, some approaches are given in Zigbee. Some of them are: ASKE (Alpha Secure Key Establishment), ASAC (Alpha Secure Access Control), and SKKE (...
594 views

Why SIVP Is Worst Case Problem?

I just started to study lattice Cryptography. I'm now studying worst-case to average-case reduction for SIS. In previous question, "worst means any and average means random". And I wonder why the ...
• 457
652 views

What level of security is provided when a Feistel Cipher is used as a round function of another Feistel Cipher?

Recently, I was reading: Are there any specific requirements for the function F in a Feistel cipher?, and the answer posted mentions a Feistel Cipher named Turtle, which uses a four-round Feistel ...
399 views

• 4,503
346 views

What is the origin of the phrase "Don't roll your own crypto"?

The phrase is well-known and widely used, it is often attributed to Bruce Schneier and is indeed relevant to his Schneier's Law. However, I wasn't able to find this specific wording among Schneier's ...
• 323
125 views

Offline Group Key Agreement - Cross Device Syncing

I have a specific use case I am interested in. I have spent the better part of the night reading research papers. I am beginning to believe what I want is not possible so I wanted to confirm here. ...
• 191
360 views

Share Conversion between Different Finite Fields

Let us have any linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) that works on some field $Z_{p}$, where p is some prime or a power of a prime e.g., Shamir Secret Sharing, Additive secret Sharing. The problem at ...
• 812
739 views

Are there attacks against broken RSA signature pad checking with $e = 65537$?

Let's say that an RSA implementation of PKCS #1 signatures fails to validate that the 00 01 FF FF FF ... FF 00 portion of the decrypted signature is exactly as long ...
• 2,216
2k views

Rationale for use of right-shift (rather than rotate) in SHA-2?

The SHA-2 hashes in FIPS 180 define $\Sigma$ and $\sigma$ bijections of words, with $\Sigma$ used in the round function, and $\sigma$ used in preparing 48 words of message schedule from 16 words of a ...
• 125k
85 views

How inefficient are current Indistinguishability Obfuscation (IO) candidates?

Since last year, IO finally seems to be within our reach. Several papers (https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1003, https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1024 and https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1042) proved the ...
• 101
345 views

• 111
167 views

Differences between “NewHope” and “NewHope-simple”

The well-known paper described a key exchange (KE) scheme named "NewHope" on USENIX 2016. The authors then proposed "NewHope-Simple" - a PKE/KEM scheme. They also submitted "NewHope for NIST" - ...
• 167
202 views

Can a quantum computer with insufficient qubits to factor an integer of a given size make any progress in factoring it? For example, what if a quantum computer is only one qubit short of what is ...
• 13.6k
959 views

Key size, performance, and security tradeoffs for AES GCM / CCM

AES can be used with 128, 192 or 256 bit keys and each one appears to have a performance vs security trade-off (What is the effect of the different AES key lengths?, What are the practical differences ...
• 235
200 views

GCM with reversed poly

These slides talk about how GCM can be sped up if one uses $x^{128}+x^{127}+x^{126}+x^{121}+1$ as the reduction polynomial instead of $x^{128}+x^7+x^2+x^1+1$. When one is doing that one needs to ...
• 2,775
151 views

Parity of the order of a element

Given an element $g$ in a cyclic group $G$ of known order $m$ its easy to test if $g$ has even or odd order. In other words $\textrm{ord}(g) \bmod 2$ can be computed easily. In some cases where the ...
• 251
469 views

Bleichenbacher RSA1024 signature forgery, closed-form solution

Hal Finney's writeup (Bleichenbacher's RSA signature forgery based on implementation error) shows a formula for RSA3072. I tried to replicate the attack for RSA1024 and failed, since the first term of ...
• 397
178 views

Are there conventions for signing JSON as a tree, to allow proofs of signed subtrees?

Given some JSON with a chosen encoding, you can obviously cryptographically-sign the whole thing as a binary blob. However, it might be useful if the logical structure of the JSON-compatible object ...
• 221
187 views

Replacing signer with simulator

Assume we can prove the security of the digital signature scheme against key-only (no message) attacks. Now we want to prove security against adaptive chosen message attack. We use the random oracle ...
• 421
142 views

Software timing attack using Kocher method

What's the minimum number of random sample points needed in Kocher's timing attack, so that we can determine enough valid measurements of $A_{i,r}$ and $D_{i,r}$? I'm working from this paper: Volker ...
• 83