# All Questions

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### RCON for AES 192 and 256

This is question about how many RCON values are used in AES 192 and 256. I read the NIST Publication introducing AES and in Appendix A.2 and A.3 (Key Expansion for 192 and 256-bit keys), only $rcon_1$ ...
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### Is possible that find numbers where the product of 3 numbers is congruent modulo to 1?

It is possible that find the $a, b, c$ randomly in here? $$abc \equiv 1{\pmod {\varphi (N)}}$$ Instead of $$de \equiv 1{\pmod {\varphi (N)}}$$ in the RSA Algorithm.
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### Setup Geth Node for the first Time. HELP Please!

Hello my Name is Sven and i am from Germany.I need Guidance from someone with advanced knowledge in ethereum. I created December 2017 an ethereum Wallet. On March 2018 i invested in P3D. I forgot this ...
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### Is 50% of bits changed in every round always gives 50% of changed bits in the end?

Let's say we have a cipher with such property, that every round change 50% of bits in every block in average. Is it obvious or it means that after few rounds we will get exactly 50% changed bits? If I ...
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### How Should Form Input be Encrypted for sending to a Server?

I apologise if this question is a duplicate. I couldn't find any similar questions. I am writing a web app that consists of a series of drop-down style question menus. These generate more drop-downs ...
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### Diffie-Hellman, so what?

I know how the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE) works. But where is it used? And ok, now both have the same key. But how are those keys used anyway? I've heard that HTTPS is using the DHKE. Ok, but ...
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### Need help deciphering [closed]

So i recently was added on an arg type game from a friend and there is a bit of code that im not entirely sure what the cipher is, so i was wondering if anyone could help me on figuring it out. "...
27 views

### Curve25519 base point speed up

In the paper regarding Curve25519 DJB defines the base point to be $P_{base} = (9,y)$. The main reason for choosing it this way is, that $P_{base}$ has a big prime order which gives security ...
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### Are skeleton keys possible for ECCDSA?

As alluded to here (split-key vanity addresses for bitcoin), ECCDSA-keys can be merged such that the sum of two private keys $S=S_1+S_2$ yields a public key which is the sum of the respective public ...
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### Authenticating and encrypting data for an automated system

I wish to distribute a file from A to an automated system B. The requirements are: Contents are encrypted Contents are tamper proof Contents origin is verified To do this I have devised the ...
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### Is there a way to prove knowledge of a limited resource like a phone number just to the people who already know about it?

For instance, let's say Bob's phone number is X and Alice has somehow identified that Bob's phone number is X. Now she doesn't have a direct way to contact Bob, so she wants to post in a public forum ...
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### Why discrete logarithm modulo composite moduli not popular and not defined in standards?

The classical discrete logarithm problem is to find $x$ such that $g^x\equiv h\bmod p$ where $p$ is a prime and $g$ is generator of multiplicative group modulo $p$. The demerit of this approach seems ...
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### What is the maths behind Bitcoin's BIP32?

I've read about BIP32 key derivation functions. I'm trying to understand how, given a secp256k1 key pair, that "child" public keys may be generated from just the public key, and the ...
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### A zero knowledge protocol with a deterministic verifier

Given a language $L$ and $ZKP$ between $v$ and $p$, when $v$ is deterministic polynomial time algorithm, I wish to obtain a probabilistic-polynomial algorithm which solves $L$. Which, if I am not ...
48 views

### Frequency Analysis on DES, AES, 3DES using Cryptool2

I am trying to analyze symmetric block ciphers like DES, 3DES and AES, using Cryptool 2. I want to do a frequency analysis on each of these ciphers, in order to comment whether this is an effective ...
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### Why do we add error in the definition of LWE?

One of the various equivalent definitions of the LWE problem is the following: Let $n,q$ be integers ($q$ usually is a prime number), $\chi$ a discrete probability distribution over $\mathbb{Z}$ (...
341 views

### Is it fair to say that MACs use a signing algorithm?

The Wikipedia page on MAC calls the algorithm that is used to generate the MAC as a signing algorithm. Is that a fair use of that term? Can we then say that HMAC-SHA-1 uses SHA-1 as the signing ...
33 views

### Hash into elliptic curves for private set intersection

Would it be insecure to hash a message $m$ to an elliptic curve point by multiplying it to some generator $G$ for the purpose of a private set intersection ? $$M = hash(m) * G$$ I keep seeing ...
25 views

### Why ideal lattices?

An ideal lattice is a lattice $\mathcal{L}(A)$ generated by a block matrix $A = \left[ A^{(1)} \mid \dots \mid A^{(m/n)} \right]$ whose blocks $A^{(i)}$ are constructed from a vector $a^{(i)}$ and a ...
23 views

### Is $f_N$ in this hash function is Matyas-Meyer-Oseas scheme?

I propose a hash function as following: H is an Merkle-Damgard hash function with a compression function $f: \{0,1\}^{3n} \to \{0, 1\}^{2n}$. Output function $f_N: \{0,1\}^{3n} \to \{0, 1\}^n$. M is ...
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### Isogeny-based AKE: what is the difference between Gal 1 and FTTY 1?

What is the difference between (a) the AKE scheme proposed by Galbraith (based on TS2 protocol) in https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/266.pdf (page 9-10); and (b) the AKE scheme proposed by Fujioka et al. ...
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### Curve25519 extension field

The paper regarding curve25519 presents a theorem in chapter 2 (specification). The extension field $F_{p^2}$ is used in this theorem. I don't understand why this extension field is needed for the ...
39 views

### How do I encrypt a long message using ElGamal encryption correctly?

According to ElGamal encryption, in order to encrypt a message I need to generate a shared secret s and after that I am to calculate ...
17 views

### How to prove properties of pre-image of random oracle in zero-knowledge proof?

A signature Sig is given as input to random oracle H, such that y = H(Sig) and Sig should be hidden from the verifier. How to prove in zero-knowledge to the verifier that y is the correct output from ...
49 views

### RNG randomization strength for PRF seed

Consider a use case that requires the creation of multiple asymmetric key pairs. There are two options for generating random seeds for a PRF: Use a software based RNG and generate a new seed for each ...
48 views

### What papers describe the rationale behind cryptography algorithms

I am trying to introduce myself to cryptographic hashing and encryption. I am looking for original papers of sorts, to describe the inspiration behind why they choose certain numbers, if they are ...
43 views

### Is it possible to create a 128-bit UUID from a weak entropy source?

I am looking at a seemingly popular piece of JavaScript code to generate a UUID which is supposed to be a 128-bit number: ...
390 views

### Calculating RSA Public Modulus from Private Exponent and Public Exponent

If I know the private and public exponents ($d$ and $e$) of an RSA key pair, is it possible to (efficiently) calculate the public modulus $n$?
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### Prior art: SSH key authn over TLS?

I’m developing an application that runs over TLS. In addition to password-based authentication we’d like to be able to use SSH keys. Is there any prior art in using SSH keys for authentication over ...
42 views

### Functional signatures vs homomorphic signatures

I found that homomorphic signatures allows an agency to carry out arbitrary computation $f$ on the signed data $m$ and accordingly gain a signature for the computation result $f(m)$ with respect to $f$...
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### Sensible amateur usage of web crypto API

I want to know if my usage of the web crypto API is sensible. I want to use it for symmetric and public-key encryption and decryption, and signatures, but as a non-expert I am scared by the warning on ...
55 views

### Is storing salts encrypted a good idea?

I've read that storing password hashes in a database, you can store the salt in plaintext alongside the actual hash with no detriment to security. I was thinking that one could derive a key from the ...
49 views

### The Security of AES-N-GCM

In the paper The Security and Performance of the GaloisCounter Mode(GCM) of Operation,it shows the AES GCM SECURITY in Corollary 1. But I can not get the same result (the right corollary) from the ...
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### Can I find a number, such that the its SHA-256 hash is all-0 [duplicate]

I want to find a number, such that the result of its SHA-256 hash is all 0. I don't know if this number exists.
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### Can we defends against RSA Timing attack when we use java.math.BigInteger.modPow?

I think that Montgomery and sliding window techniques are applied within java.math.BigInteger.modPow (and more specifically ...