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In cryptography, a key derivation function (or KDF) derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key or other known information such as a password or passphrase using a pseudo-random function. Keyed cryptographic hash functions are popular examples of pseudo-random functions used for key derivation.
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Why does openssl derive IVs from a password?
In OpenSSL, if the enc command is used (enc.c) the generation of the IV from a password is performed alongside the derivation of the key (by the function EVP_BytesToKey: source). As they say here:
Th …