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SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions designed by the NSA and published by NIST in 2001. The family includes various output lengths (224, 256, 384, and 512 bits).

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Why does the padding in Merkle–Damgård hash functions like MD5 contain the message length?

MD5, like other hash functions, uses the Merkle-Damgard construction. You take the message and break it up into fixed-size blocks. You start with an intialization vector (IV), which you feed into a co …
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