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A distinguisher describes an adversary's advantage. In cryptography, an adversary's advantage is a measure of how successfully it can attack a cryptographic algorithm, by distinguishing it from an idealized version of that type of algorithm.
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why do we take computational distinguishability over ensembles
$D$ (called the “distinguisher”), there
exists a negligible function $e(·)$ such that $∀n ∈ N$
$Pr[t ← X_n, D(t) = 1] − Pr[t ← Y_n, D(t) = 1] < e(n)$
My question is, why do we need ensembles of distribution …
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Example of not computationally indistinguishable
All the examples that I see for proving that two distributions are not computationally indistinguishable involve a pattern: choose a Distinguisher $D(\cdot)$ such that $D(x)$ is $1$ if $x$ satisfies some … Now I can choose my distinguisher to be $D(x) = 1$, if $x$ ends with $1$. …
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Given an input x, can a distinguisher D output 1/2?
We know such a distinguisher exists and is often given as an example many times.
Now consider another distinguisher strategy, where on input $x$, it checks if $x$ is $0^n$ or $1^n$. … My question is - Is such a distinguisher valid according to the assumptions we make in cryptography? …