# Tag Info

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Not really, for example if your language has $m$ letters, and the letters are independent identically distributed then $H(X)=H(X_1,\ldots,X_N)=N H(X_1)$ where $H(X_1)$ is is the entropy of the single letter distribution $(p(1),\ldots,p(m)),$ where $P[X_k=u]=P[X_1=u]=p(u)$ for any $k\geq 1.$ This is because for independent random variables  H(X_1,\ldots,...

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called asymmetric self encryption No, not really, you just made up that term. might seem an unusual choice in situations where a key exchange is not required No it doesn't, although commonly a hybrid cryptography is used, especially for EC based cryptography. an attacker apparently needs both to have the public key and brute-force the passphrase to ...

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You're describing methods of solving LWE via reduction to SVP. In particular: Sieving and Enumeration are methods of solving exact SVP Basis reduction is a method of solving approximate SVP There are additionally ways of solving LWE directly (the classic example is the Arora-Ge attack, which works when the noise distribution is too concentrated). Daniele ...

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In a "fair trade" paper at Bitcoin workshop Financial Crypto 2016, a snark-proof was introduced to assure that a message (a Sudoku solution) could be properly decrypted.

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