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# Tag Info

### How to find modulus from a RSA public key?

I wanted to help break down exactly what you're seeing. If you take your base64 string: MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCqGKukO1De7zhZj6+H0qtjTkVxwTCpvKe4eCZ0FPqri0cb2JZfXJ/...
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### How to find modulus from a RSA public key?

In practice, one can use openssl to extract the information: ...
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### Can I remove newlines in a public key?

I'm assuming you mean a base 64 encoded key file, since removing the newlines from a binary file would obviously break things. The RSA standards (e.g. RFC 2459) only define a binary representation for ...
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### SHA-1 requires utf-8 and reordering of bytes

Text is supposed to be utf-8 encoded / one character should be 8 bit long. this makes sense, since the same text should always return the same hash, but I couldn't find anything about it in the RFC. ...

### Does keyless encryption exist?

A simple way to achieve this with common algorithms would be to do the following: Choose a random key (key) Encrypt the data using the random key (encrData) Hash the encrypted data (encrHash) Xor ...
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### Is there a consensus on what text encoding to use when hashing a string?

Hashing is done on binary, not text strings. It is the job of the character encoding to say what binary representation a string will have. After you represent the text using a particular encoding, ...
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### Encrypt-then-MAC with base 64

Generally you would use encrypt-then-MAC before encoding. There is no need to process the expanded ciphertext before encoding, and you may be able to send the message both in binary and ASCII-armored ...
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### Converting raw ECC private key into ASN.1 DER encoded key

ASN.1 is a way of defining structures for data, and DER is a binary encoding of those structures. But they aren't describing any structures by themselves. Saying that something needs to be ASN.1 / DER ...
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