# Questions tagged [group-theory]

Groups are an abstract algebraic concept based on a set and a group law (a binary function which closes the set).

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### In AES-256, what exactly forms the extension field $GF(2^8)$?

My question is a little difficult to describe, so let me first start with an analogy In an elliptic curve over a finite field, there are 2 groups - the first group is a finite field over which the ...
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### How to decide if a point on a elliptic curve belongs to a group generated by a generator g?

In the elliptic curve encryption scheme, there is a cyclic group generated by a base point $G$ on the elliptic curve. Given a random point on the elliptic curve, is there a way to decide if the random ...
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### Different modulus in the exponent

Given two values $g^{a_1}, g^{a_2}$ where $a_1, a_2 \in \mathbb{Z}_q$ and $g$ is a generator of group $\mathbb{G}$ of order $q$. Discrete logarithm is assumed to be hard in $\mathbb{G}$. Is there a ...
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### Verifiable Delay Function: Trusted Setup

Efficient Verifiable Delay Function paper suggested that there is two way to construct the group. One of them requires trusted setup in the sense whoever constructs the RSA unknown group order needs ...
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### Verifiable Delay Function - Fake Proofs

For unknown group order such as RSA groups $G %$, it takes $T$ sequential steps to compute the below function (time-lock puzzle). $$y = g^{2^T} mod N$$ This paper states that if $/Phi(N)$ (Group ...
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### VDF / RSA groups

I believe I am overthinking it; however, I need to clear out my doubts. What is exactly RSA groups and how their order is unknown? I know in RSA N is computed by multiplying two prime numbers (p and ...
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### Does having CDH oracle breaks El-Gamal signature scheme?

Having a oracle that solves Computational Diffie-Hellman problem which for given values $(g, g^a, g^b)$ outputs $g^{ab}$, is it possible to forge a signature in El-Gamal (wiki) signature scheme?
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### Diffie Helman obtaining $g^y \bmod p$ from $g^{xy} \bmod p$ and $g^x \bmod p$

This may seem like a strange question. Lets say I have $g^x \bmod p$ and $g^{xy} \bmod p$. How can I efficiently obtain $g^y \bmod p$? I assume I must use modular inverse but I don't know where.
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### What are the typical instance parameters of non-commutative cryptographic schemes?

Recently, I grew a tremendous interest for public-key cryptography based on "groupoids", and collaborated with someone on this topic. What I notice afterwards, is that there had been a huge ...
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### Prime order elliptic curve groups: Generators and the reason choice

As far as I understand, the elliptic curve group based on BLS12-381 is prime order and cyclic. Thus, any group element could be used to generate all the elements of ...
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### ElGamal encryption security

Assume we have 2 prime numbers in form p = 2q + 1. Is it safe to use the cyclic group of order p-1 instead of one with order <...
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### How to efficiently find Schnorr groups that have a generator $g=2$?

A Schnorr group is a multiplicative group of integers modulo an odd prime $p$ of prime order $q$, normally such that $p$ is much greater than $q$. As far as I know, the normal way to find a Schnorr ...
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### Elliptic curve group inverse addition in OpenSSL

I am using group P-256 on OpenSSL with C++. My understanding was that, if you have a point $xP$ and then calculate (xP)^(-1) with EC_POINT_invert(group, xP_inv, ctx), then when I calculate: xP + (xP)^(...
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### What is the order of the Identity point on prime order elliptic curve groups?

I'm trying to understand how the identity point is represented in a group of prime order. What I think is correct: If the group has even order, then the identity point is in the group, because the ...