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The usual lectures about the (in)securities of SHA-1 will be skipped.
The standard defining SHA-1 is NIST FIPS 180 (recent revision(s)), it specifies how to pad a bit-string into a form suitable for processing in the compression function specified for SHA-1, which it also specifies.
As of 2019, all current SHA-series hash functions are single-pass - that ...
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