Statistical testing is used to estimate the likelihood of a hypothesis given a set of data. In cryptanalysis, statistical testing is commonly used to detect non-randomness in the data, e.g. distinguish the output of a PRNG from a truly random bitstream or to find the correctly decrypted message among several incorrect decryption attempts.

Statistical testing is used to estimate the likelihood of a hypothesis given a set of data. In cryptanalysis, statistical testing is commonly used to detect non-randomness in the data, e.g. distinguish the output of a PRNG from a truly random bitstream or to find the correctly decrypted message among several incorrect decryption attempts.