# Tag Info

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Yes, and in fact, Schnorr's signature scheme was originally described as a non-interactive protocol. I think the confusion around interactivity comes from the fact that the same paper first described a interactive identification scheme, which can be viewed as a specialization of the signature scheme for empty messages. In both schemes, challenges can be ...

5

There is no generic conversion, but it is a standard property of dual-mode NIZKs. Here, the CRS comes in two indistinguishable modes, where one is structured, but the other is actually a truly random string. Typically, in group-based construction, the random CRS will be a tuple of random group elements, while the structured CRS will be a DDH tuple - both ...

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Are there any zero knowledge protocols which do not rely on a group? It depends on your definition of "relying on a group". If you mean "doesn't rely on a group-based assumption like DDH, CDH or DLog or variants thereof", then yes. If you mean "doesn't use a group at some point" then no, because such a protocol would be unimplementable because the most ...

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