# Tags

A tag is a keyword or label that categorizes your question with other, similar questions. Using the right tags makes it easier for others to find and answer your question.

0-RTT Handshakes ("Zero-RTT ") is a TLS 1.3 TLS Handshake proposal when clients and servers share a PSK (either obtained externally or via a previous handshake), TLS 1.3 allows clients to send data on…
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Difficulty of finding another input string that hashes to the same value as a given string
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A block cypher encryption algorithm built from applying three iterations of the original DES algorithm.
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Attribute-Based Encryption is a type of public-key encryption in which the key used for encryption is based on selected attributes of the readers. Decryption of the ciphertext is possible only if the …
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Access-control is a possible goal of cryptography, where the idea is to restrict access to documents, equipment, locations, or keys to individuals who are authorized such access.
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A cryptographic accumulator is a one way membership function. It answers a query as to whether a potential candidate is a member of a set without revealing the individual members of the set.
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Acoustic cryptanalysis is a type of side channel attack which exploits sounds emitted by computers or machines.
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An adversary model formally defines the power of the adversary. It includes specifics whether the adversary is deterministic/randomized, uniform/non-uniform, interactive/non-interactive and how he int…
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AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetrical block-cipher algorithm with a 128-bit block size, and key sizes of 128, 192 or 256 bits.
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Deprecated tag, see tag info. Advanced Encryption Standard Galois/Counter Mode, better known as AES-GCM is a mode of operation for symmetric key cryptographic block ciphers that has been widely ado…
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A type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, wherein each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple function (ax + b) mod m.
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An algebraic attack is a method of cryptanalysis against a cipher 1)expressing the cipher operations as a system of equations. 2)substituting in known data for some of the variables. 3)sol…
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Algebraic Eraser is a relatively new asymmetric key agreement protocol (also designated the Colored Burau Key Agreement Protocol), based on a simultaneous conjugacy search problem in a braid group.
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Design of cryptographic primitives (algorithms), like block ciphers, stream ciphers, random-number generators, hash functions, MACs, key exchanges, public-key encryption or signature schemes. Also tag…
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An alternating step generator is a cryptographic pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher.
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Anonymity describes the state of being unknown or unacknowledged.
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AONT is an acronym for an all-or-nothing transform. An AONT is used in combination with encryption and it indicates that all of the ciphertext needs to be known to be able to decrypt.
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Argon2 is a password hash or password-based key derivation function, which won the password-hashing competition in 2015.
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Arithmetic is a branch of mathematics usually concerned with the four operations (adding, subtracting, multiplication and division) of positive numbers.
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Design philosophy for ciphers. ARX solely relies on additions, rotations and XORs to build ciphers and similar algorithms. This usually constructs ciphers that are highly resistant against side-channe…
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Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a language that defines the way data is sent across dissimilar communication systems.
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A cryptographic attack tries to theoretically and/or practically attack the security properties of a cipher and/or algorithm.
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Combination of encryption and authentication in a way that ensures confidentiality and integrity.
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Authentication is successfully validating that an entity you are communicating with is actually who they claim to be. The entity typically demonstrates who they are by showing they possess a secret th…
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The avalanche effect is evident if, when an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit) the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip).
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A backdoor in a cryptosystem or algorithm allows someone to obtain access to the decrypted data, without the need for the key/password that was used to encrypt the data.
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Balloon is a password hashing/password based key derivation function published in 2016.
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Balloon Hashing is a password-based (equivalently: entropy stretching) Key Derivation Function proposed in 2016.
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