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For example I have the password X and I want to encrypt 2 different things. Even if one of them was stolen due to a keylogger, other will be completely safe. I wonder how safe something like this would be if the master key is completely random, secure and unknown. Also with what algorithm, program would i be able to do this on Linux systems?

I think something like this is possible actually because of Electrum's key generation method. It uses one master private key to generate all the addresses and private keys.

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Using the HKDF algorithm would work:

prk = HKDF-EXTRACT(salt, master_key)

Key1 = HKDF-EXPAND(prk, "info 1", digest_len)
Key2 = HKDF-EXPAND(prk, "info 2", digest_len)

This creates two keys that are generated from the master key, but given Key1, someone else wouldn't be able to generate Key2, as they don't know the master key.

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  • $\begingroup$ Good idea - you can do this with the install of a library on most languages. $\endgroup$
    – Legorooj
    Commented Dec 30, 2019 at 0:36

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