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Padding has two primary uses in cryptography, ensuring messages are the proper length necessary for certain ciphers (e.g., block ciphers) or to provide assurances not built into the core cipher (e.g., semantic security)

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Why does SHA-2 call for doing 10* padding in addition to appending the message length?

However, because the padding already encodes the bit length of the original message, this 10* padding is redundant. … Advances in Cryptology" in Crypto’89, Merkle uses 0* padding followed by the length. So my question, why does SHA-2 call for doing 10* padding in addition to appending the message length? …
Russell O'Connor's user avatar