# Coin tosses in the context of commitment schemes

I was reading the “Fast Multiparty Threshold ECDSA with Fast Trustless Setup” paper by Gennaro & Goldfeder, 2018 and I encountered this portion (Sect. 2.4, p.6):

This excerpt leaves me slightly confused. First, there’s seemingly a mismatch (a typo?) between r and R — or is it that R is the set from which r is sampled? Second, most important, what are these coin tosses? There’s no mention of coin tosses anywhere else in the paper and after reading some external sources on commitment schemes the only references to coin tosses are in sample applications of commitment, e.g., in an async coin toss scenario.

To summarize, what are these coin tosses and what is R?

Normally, coin tosses are random variables $$r$$ drawn (usually uniformly unless otherwise specified) from a finite set $$R.$$
In this case however $$R=g^{k^{-1}}$$ where $$r=H’(R)$$ and $$H’$$ is a hash function from a cyclic group of prime order into $$Z_q$$ and $$k$$ is a uniformly distributed random variable from $$Z_q.$$ So $$R$$ is a random variable which is a function of the random variable $$k$$ and $$r$$ is a random variable derived from $$R,$$ so it also depends on $$k.$$