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Statistical testing is used to estimate the likelihood of a hypothesis given a set of data. In cryptanalysis, statistical testing is commonly used to detect non-randomness in the data, e.g. distinguish the output of a PRNG from a truly random bitstream or to find the correctly decrypted message among several incorrect decryption attempts.

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How to test distribution of a hash function?

From what I've found, it is generally accepted a cryptographic hash function like SHA-2 has an evenly, randomly distributed output. Is there a way to test this without running through the entire 2^51 …
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