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First, I'll discuss Cleve's result really quickly, as there's a natural generalization of it which may be useful for your understanding. Let $X\sim\mathcal{D}$ be some random variable. A common notion …

Yes, you are right. A formal definition of IND-CPA is indeed missing in my question. Here, I informally use the term "IND-CPA" to refer to the property that an encryption scheme can result in pseudor …

We can use the notation of the source document, except I will say we are trying to compute $ab = c$ (for $a,b,c\in\mathbb{F}_p$), so I can use $x$ as a variable when discussing polynomials. Let $a_1,\ …

Note that your first linked paper open-sourced their code here. The second paper doesn't have code that is nearly as easy to track down. It mentions using Sharemind and secrec. I can find the paper on …

The problem has an "easy solution" using general techniques. There are extensions of Yao's Millionaries problem about how to securely compute any circuit $C(x, y)$. This is an entire field of study, …

Yes it is, see for example this page. Note that multiplication requires $O(n^2)$ additional communication, in contrast to addition (which is free).

Say I want to sort three numbers from a given input. How can I convert this function to a boolean circuit? For this particular question, there are simple answers. The traditional way to sort number …